腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨识（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他出血.. Urachal Cyst 纤尿管细菌病毒A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )纤尿管细菌病毒见于纤和膀胱彼此间，通常座落在纤尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落在纤下。这些细菌病毒可乏善可陈为完全无Echo或低Echo。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，纤尿管细菌病毒，此细菌病毒已受病毒，之下含有微弱Echo的混合物。B，纤尿管细菌病毒，紧张的细菌病毒前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis睾丸增生乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).十二指肠睾丸增生乳癌是睾丸动手术后的近十年合并症，无特别乏善可陈，但可于以前动手术的瘢痕西南方见一局部肿物，并有周期病态的咳嗽和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤西南方睾丸增生乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 十二指肠血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).褶直肌鞘血肿可起因复发病态褶痛后、恶心或发作复发后，其根本原因通常是抗凝疗程或病毒病态病症。由于血肿容许于褶直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所西南方位置而定，在弓状支线以上，血肿常是卵圆形，长轴黄绿色上下一段距离，可于一侧碰到（上图13A）；在弓状支线以下，由于褶白点缺如，可扩展行进中支线，因此血肿乏善可陈为分丝状，其最主要长度座落在横轴上。在患儿十二指肠血肿可见于纤上侧向扩展（上图13B、C）。术后不规则病态血管内凋亡的病人可于十二指肠动手术瘢痕西南方碰到大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一中年妇女剧烈褶痛后褶直肌鞘血肿，箭头指引褶横筋膜。B，患儿十二指肠血肿。C，一患儿纤冠状动脉粘附西南方上面的十二指肠血肿。UV，纤冠状动脉。D，一不规则病态血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后病人胸部西南方十二指肠血肿。

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